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1.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 29(1): e24spe1, 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1534311

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of clear aligners as an alternative to fixed orthodontic appliances has become popular due to the aesthetic demands of adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment. However, orthodontists' lack of knowledge about the legal consequences of their activities, and the lack of solid scientific evidence raise concerns regarding civil liability in this type of treatment. Marketing campaigns of manufacturing companies often exaggerate promises of results, and ignore the lack of scientific evidence. Patients, as consumers, are protected by the Consumer Protection Code, whereas orthodontists are considered treatment providers. Therefore, they can be held liable for damage caused to patients, whether by subjective or objective fault. Objective: This article aims to identify the civil responsibilities of orthodontists and aligner manufacturing companies, by means of a literature review, providing basic legal guidance to help professionals protect themselves from possible lawsuits related to treatment with orthodontic aligners. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of knowledge of legal notions in treatments with orthodontic aligners by orthodontists, who should legally safeguard themselves through individual written contracts, avoiding obligation of results. In addition, in cases of legal claims, it is possible that the manufacturing companies are jointly and severally liable for possible damages claimed by the patient.


RESUMO Introdução: O uso de alinhadores transparentes como alternativa aos aparelhos ortodônticos fixos tem se tornado popular, devido às demandas estéticas dos pacientes adultos em busca de tratamento ortodôntico. No entanto, a falta de conhecimento dos ortodontistas sobre as consequências jurídicas de suas atividades, e a falta de evidências científicas sólidas levantam preocupações em relação à responsabilidade civil nesse tipo de tratamento. Muitas vezes, as campanhas de marketing das empresas fabricantes exageram nas promessas de resultados e desconsideram a falta de evidências científicas. O paciente, como consumidor, é protegido pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor, e o ortodontista é considerado um fornecedor de tratamento. Portanto, ele pode ser responsabilizado por danos causados ao paciente, seja por culpa subjetiva ou objetiva. Objetivo: Identificar, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, as responsabilidades civis dos ortodontistas e das empresas fabricantes de alinhadores, fornecendo orientações jurídicas básicas para ajudar os profissionais a se protegerem de possíveis demandas judiciais relacionadas ao tratamento com alinhadores ortodônticos. Conclusões: O estudo destaca a importância do conhecimento de noções jurídicas em tratamentos com alinhadores ortodônticos, devendo o profissional resguardar-se juridicamente por meio de contratos individuais por escrito, prevenindo-se de assumir uma obrigação de resultado com o paciente. Além disso, em casos de demandas judiciais, é possível que as empresas fabricantes respondam solidariamente a possíveis danos reclamados pelo paciente.

2.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 21: e226415, jan.-dez. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1354995

ABSTRACT

Aim: Facial orthopaedic treatments based on the stimulation or restrictions of craniofacial bone growth are more effective when carried out during the pubertal growth spurt. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the reproducibility of two cervical vertebrae methods (CVM) with manual tracing and direct visual inspection. Methods: A sample of 60 lateral cephalometric radiographs (10 of each of the 6 CVM stages) was randomly selected from 171 records. 5 orthodontists classified these radiographs according to the skeletal maturation stage in 2002 and 2005, and the application of both methods was conducted by direct visual inspection and evaluation through manual tracing. Results: The average reliability of the two methods determination and the two forms of evaluation was substantial. The direct visual inspection evaluation showed the highest reliability and agreement interexaminer values for both methods, as well as the intraexaminers evaluation. Conclusion: The reproducibility of CVM method was substantial, indicating its clinical use to determine the skeletal maturity and the ideal moment for treatment execution


Subject(s)
Bone Development , Cervical Vertebrae , Reproducibility of Results
3.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 44: e54648, Jan. 14, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1363590

ABSTRACT

Healthcare services must be guided by biosafety practices and microbial control. This control is highly influenced by humidity, which directly impacts the maintenance of sterility of the materials used in the appointments. High concentration of moisture, in the form of aerosol, splashes and spills, is caused during dental care. During the COVID-19 times the contamination by aerosol and droplets worries greatly. Considering that it could cause harm to the sterility of an autoclaved material, especially in dental environments, the objective was to evaluate the behavior of SMS sterilization packages (Spunbonded / Meltblown / Spunbonded) against microbial penetration in an aqueous vehicle. SMS of three brands were challenged, equally divided into two groups: virgin and processed (subjected to a single autoclaving cycle). Each specimen was aseptically deposited on Macconkey agar. Subsequently, 5 µL of Escherichia coliATCC 25922 saline solution [108CFU mL-1] was deposited in center of the SMS specimen and the dish incubated at36°C/ 48h. Reading was performed by the presence or absence of bacterial growth typical of the species under the SMS, observed on the back of Petri dish. The lowest penetration rate observed was 60% for one of the brands in the virgin condition, and 75% for two brands in the processed condition. Statistical analysis showed an association between bacterial penetration and the evaluated group, this association being valid only in the virgin condition. The different SMS behave similarly in terms of resistance to bacterial penetration after being processed. The data show that moisture can assist in bacterial transport through sterilized SMS. Therefore, SMS packages are not able to prevent bacterial penetration, and possibly other microorganisms, when in aqueous vehicles, offering a potential risk of breaking the aseptic chain. Thus, care must be taken in routines for handling and storage sterile packaging.


Subject(s)
Product Packaging/instrumentation , Containment of Biohazards/instrumentation , Dental Offices/organization & administration , Humidity/prevention & control , Sterilization/instrumentation , Infection Control/instrumentation , Evaluation Study , Drug Packaging/instrumentation , Saline Solution/analysis , COVID-19/prevention & control , Microbiological Phenomena/immunology
4.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 22: e210123, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1422253

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To develop and validate a questionnaire to measure the vulnerability of orthodontists, measuring the risks of being involved in civil liability lawsuits. Material and Methods: In-depth interviews were performed with three groups: G1- law professionals, G2 - orthodontists, and G3 - orthodontic patients. From the analysis of the content of Bardin, domains for the construction of the first version of the 53-question questionnaire were identified. The questionnaire was submitted to experts for validation, inclusion and exclusion of questions, but maintaining the 53-question format. It was submitted to the test-retest phases and verification of internal consistency. Results: 247 professionals answered the final version of the questionnaire. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 88.8%. Cronbach's alpha was 0.946, with high internal consistency. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's tests confirmed internal consistency showing the values of 0.909 and significance of <0.001, respectively. From the total score and factorial analysis, the sample was divided into three groups of judicial vulnerability. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the questionnaire is a valid tool to measure the risks of involvement in civil liability lawsuits by orthodontists. It presented a multidimensional character and might be applied as well as face to face or online, without prejudice to quality (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Orthodontics/legislation & jurisprudence , Professional Practice/legislation & jurisprudence , Compensation and Redress/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Vulnerability , Surveys and Questionnaires , Qualitative Research
5.
HU rev ; 48: 1-6, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1370799

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The opening of the contact point can happen after orthodontic closure of the site of dental extraction and opened interproximal contacts are considered potential factors for periodontal diseases. Objective: To evaluate the condition of the alveolar bone crest of the interdental site between canines and upper premolars with or without contact points in individuals submitted to orthodontics associated with the extraction of the first premolars. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study selected upper canines and premolars of individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment without extractions (12 hemiarches ­ control group), or with extraction of the upper first premolars and whose canines and second premolars had interproximal contact (11 hemiarches ­ group 1) or diastema (15 hemiarches ­ group 2). The height and the presence of lamina dura in the interproximal bone crest of the distal surfaces of canines and mesial surfaces of premolars were evaluated. Results: Groups 1 and 2 demonstrated the higher and smallest prevailing of the presence of lamina dura, respectively. The control group presented the bone crest positioned more crownly in relation to the others groups. Experimental groups did not present significant differences to the height of bone crest. Conclusion: The orthodontic allocation of teeth to extraction sites was associated with the significant reduction of the height of the marginal bone crest, regardless of the presence or absence of contact point between the teeth. The lack of contact point resulted in a minor prevalence of the continuity of the lamina dura of the alveolar bone crest in these regions.


Introdução: A abertura do ponto de contato pode ocorrer após o fechamento ortodôntico do sítio de extração dentária e os contatos interproximais abertos são considerados fatores potenciais para as doenças periodontais. Objetivo: Avaliar a condição da crista óssea alveolar do espaço interdentário entre caninos e pré-molares superiores com ou sem pontos de contato em indivíduos submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico associado à exodontia dos primeiros pré-molares. Material e Métodos: Este estudo transversal observacional selecionou caninos e pré-molares superiores de indivíduos submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico sem extrações (12 hemiarcos ­ grupo controle), ou com exodontia dos primeiros pré-molares superiores e cujos caninos e segundos pré-molares tiveram contato interproximal (11 hemiarcos ­ grupo 1) ou diastemas (15 hemiarcos ­ grupo 2). Foram avaliadas a altura e a presença da lâmina dura na crista óssea interproximal das superfícies distais dos caninos e mesiais dos pré-molares. Resultados: Os grupos 1 e 2 demonstraram a maior e a menor prevalência da presença de lâmina dura, respectivamente. O grupo controle apresentou a crista óssea posicionada mais coronalmente em relação aos demais grupos. Entre os grupos experimentais, não houve diferença significativa para a altura da crista óssea. Conclusão: Neste estudo preliminar, a movimentação ortodôntica dos dentes para os locais de exodontia foi associada à redução significativa da altura da crista óssea marginal, independentemente da presença ou ausência de ponto de contato entre os dentes. A falta de ponto de contato resultou em menor prevalência de continuidade da lâmina dura da crista óssea alveolar nessas regiões.


Subject(s)
Periodontics , Orthodontics , Periodontal Diseases , Surgery, Oral , Tooth Extraction , Bicuspid , Bone and Bones , Orthodontic Space Closure , Dental Occlusion
6.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 22: e210138, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1386814

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the perceptions of smile esthetics associated with variations in the vertical plane of the maxillary incisors in the smile arc using eye-tracking software. Material and Methods: An image of a 59-year-old Caucasian male model was adapted and edited to make three changes in the vertical plane, simulating a convex, straight, and reverse smile arc. Four areas of interest were inserted at the right and left eyes, nose, and mouth. Forty laypeople raters between 18 and 45 years of age participated of the study. Eye-tribe hardware and Ogama software were used to perform eye-tracking. Attractiveness and age-perception questions were also incorporated into the study. ANOVA test and Pearson's correlation coefficient, at p < 0.05. Results: The most observed AOI in images with convex, straight, and reverse smiles, as assessed using heatmaps and point maps, was the mouth, followed by the right eye. A significant difference for the eye (p=0.02) was found when comparing convex and reverse smiles, whereas a significant difference for the mouth was observed between the straight and reverse smiles (p=0.03). Conclusion: Convex and straight smile arcs were associated with equal levels of attractiveness; the reverse smile was less attractive. No significant difference was noticed regarding age perception and the smile arcs. However, the reverse smile recorded a more complete fixation time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Perception , Smiling , Photography, Dental/instrumentation , Esthetics, Dental , Eye-Tracking Technology/instrumentation , Analysis of Variance , Visual Analog Scale , Incisor
7.
HU rev ; 45(3): 237-243, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048966

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O controle periódico da reabsorção radicular durante o tratamento ortodôntico é frequentemente realizado através de exames radiográficos bidimensionais, nos quais as reabsorções irregulares não são detectadas no sentido vestibulolingual. Objetivo: Quantificar a área reabsorvida de raízes de incisivos com reabsorção radicular apical irregular subestimada por exames radiográficos bidimensionais. Material e Métodos: Foram avaliadas imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico de 18 pacientes que apresentavam incisivos superiores com reabsorção radicular apical irregular substimada por exames radiográficos bidimensionais (grupo experimental) e os incisivos correspondentes contralaterais sem reabsorção radicular (grupo controle). No grupo controle foi simulada uma reabsorção radicular apical regular na mesma altura da encontrada nos incisivos com reabsorção irregular. As áreas apical e total das raízes dos incisivos com reabsorção radicular irregular e regular simulada foram avaliadas e comparadas. O teste t de Student para amostras pareadas foi utilizado, sendo considerado um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: A área apical nos incisvos com reabsorção radicular irregular foi significativamente menor do que nos incisivos com reabsorção radicular regular simulada (p<0,001). Não houve diferença significativa entre as áreas radiculares totais (p=0,435). Conclusão: A reabsorção radicular irregular foi significativamennte subestimada em imagens radiográficas bidimensionais quando a área apical radicular foi analisada. Entretanto, quando a área radicular total é considerada, a qual é responsável pela maior parte do suporte periodontal, esta subestimativa não foi significativa.


Introduction: Periodic control of root resorption during orthodontic treatment is frequently made by two-dimensional radiographic examinations, in which irregular resorptions are not detected buccolingually. Objective: Quantifying the resorbed root area of incisors with irregular apical root resorption underestimated by two-dimensional radiographic methods. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images of 18 patients whose maxillary incisors presented irregular apical root resorption underestimated by two-dimensional radiographic methods (experimental group) and their contralateral correspondents without resorption (control group) were evaluated. In the control group, a regular apical root resorption was simulated at the same height as that of the irregularly resorbed incisors. The apical and total root surface areas of the incisors with irregular root resorption and simulated regular root resorption were measured and compared. The Student ́s t test for paired samples was used at a level of significance of 0.05. Results: The apical area of the incisors with irregular root resorption was significantly smaller than that of the incisors with simulated regular resorption (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the comparison between total root surface areas (p=0.435). Conclusion: Underestimation of the irregular root resorption shown on two-dimensional images was significant when analyzing the apical area of the tooth. However, when considering the total root surface area of the tooth, which is responsible for the most part of the periodontal support, such underestimation was not significant.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Orthodontics , Root Resorption , Tooth , Periodontal Attachment Loss , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
8.
Rev. odontol. UNESP (Online) ; 47(6): 376-382, nov.-dez. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-985726

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Mini-implantes ortodônticos são dispositivos de ancoragem confeccionados à base de titânio, possuindo uma camada de óxido de titânio, que desempenha função importante na resistência à corrosão. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência à corrosão e a microestrutura superficial de mini-implantes novos, utilizados que foram perdidos precocemente e os que obtiveram sucesso de estabilidade, analisando se o processo de corrosão influencia a falha ou a perda de estabilidade, a fim de se comparar com as principais causas de sucesso e insucesso clínico. Material e método: A amostra foi composta por 3 grupos de 7 mini-implantes divididos da seguinte maneira: Grupo C: mini-implantes na sua forma original, como são recebidos do fabricante (controle); Grupo PE: mini-implantes utilizados em pacientes e que apresentaram perda de estabilidade precoce em até 2 meses (média de 33,5 dias); Grupo E: mini-implantes utilizados em pacientes com sucesso de estabilidade (média de 230 dias). A análise visual da superfície da rosca dos mini-implantes foi feita através de microscópio eletrônico de varredura e todos foram submetidos a ensaio de polarização cíclica potenciodinâmica em potenciostato. Resultado: A microestrutura superficial não foi significativamente alterada pela permanência e perda precoce de estabilidade em seus sítios ósseos. Conclusão: Os dados sugeriram que a corrosão não foi fator associado à falha do dispositivo ou perda de sua estabilidade, sendo outros fatores, como o tipo do mini-implante, o seu comprimento e o local de implantação, considerados mais preponderantes com influência no seu insucesso.


Introduction: Orthodontic miniscrew are titanium-based anchoring devices, having a layer of titanium oxide, which plays an important role in corrosion resistance. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the corrosion resistance and surface microstructure of new miniscrew, those who were used and lost early and those who had achieved stability success, analyzing if the corrosion process influences the failure or the loss of stability of it, in order to compare with the main causes of success and clinical unsuccess. Materials and method: The sample consisted of 3 groups of 7 miniscrews divided as follows: Group C: miniscrews in their original form, as they are received from the manufacturer (control); Group PE: miniscrews used in patients with early loss of stability in up to 2 months (mean of 33.5 days); Group E: miniscrews used in patients with stability success (mean of 230 days). The visual analysis of the screw surface of the miniscrews was done by scanning electron microscope and all were submitted to a cyclic potentiodynamic polarization in potentiostat. Result: The surface microstructure was not significantly altered by the permanence and early loss of stability in its bone sites. Conclusion: The data suggests that corrosion was not a factor associated with device failure or loss of stability, being other factors such as the type of miniscrews, its length and the site of implantation considered to be the most preponderant with influence in its failure.


Subject(s)
Orthodontics , Titanium , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Dental Etching , Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures
9.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 23(4): 88-93, July-Aug. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-953036

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: the present study aimed at evaluating the risks and vulnerability of orthodontists to legal compensation actions and verifying the hypothesis of these health care professionals having little knowledge concerning their rights and obligations as service providers. Methods: Three groups were formed to participate in a semi-structured interview. The first group had thirteen law professionals, the second group was composed of eleven orthodontists and the third group was made up of nine randomly selected orthodontic patients. Results: Relevant aspects related to the exercise of the professional activity of orthodontists that influence on the vulnerability of orthodontists in lawsuits were identified. After transcription, reading, and comparing the answers of the interviews, items capable of influencing judicial decisions, from the standpoint of Brazilian Justice Courts, were evaluated. Conclusion: It was verified that Brazilian orthodontists do not have adequate formation concerning the legal consequences of the exercise of their professional activity. Orthodontists also failed to establish proper contractual relationship, organize orthodontic records, and, most importantly, failed in communicating the risks and the therapeutic processes to patients during all phases of treatment.


RESUMO Objetivo: o presente trabalho teve como objetivo apurar os riscos e a vulnerabilidade dos profissionais ortodontistas serem envolvidos em lides judiciais com finalidade indenizatória, além de verificar a hipótese de que esses profissionais possuem pouco conhecimento a respeito de suas obrigações e deveres como prestadores de serviço, bem como dos mecanismos que podem evitar tais demandas judiciais. Métodos: foram formados três grupos para entrevistas semiestruturadas, compostos por profissionais da área jurídica, profissionais ortodontistas e pacientes ortodônticos: no primeiro grupo, foram entrevistados 13 (treze) profissionais da área jurídica; no segundo grupo de entrevistados, foram abordados 11 (onze) profissionais ortodontistas; para o terceiro grupo de entrevistas, foram sorteados 9 (nove) pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico. Resultados: foram identificados itens ou domínios relevantes, relacionados ao exercício da atividade profissional dos ortodontistas, que repercutem diretamente em aspectos de vulnerabilidade deles, quando confrontados, objetivamente, com fundamentos de decisões judiciais envolvendo questões indenizatórias em face de tais profissionais da área da saúde. Após o trabalho de transcrição das entrevistas, leitura, compilação e comparação das respostas, passou-se à análise dos temas capazes de influenciar na rotina forense, a partir das tendências doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais encontradas nos Tribunais brasileiros. Conclusão: verificou-se que os ortodontistas não apresentam formação adequada para o completo entendimento sobre as consequências jurídicas do exercício de sua atividade profissional. Constataram-se, também, falhas por parte do profissional ortodontista, desde o estabelecimento da relação contratual, formação de documentação ortodôntica organizada e, sobretudo, registro, documentação e informação aos pacientes, ou responsáveis legais, em todas as etapas do tratamento.


Subject(s)
Orthodontics/legislation & jurisprudence , Professional Practice/legislation & jurisprudence , Malpractice/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Records , Compensation and Redress/legislation & jurisprudence
10.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 23(2): 68-74, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-953021

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The purposes of this study were to present a prototype of a bracket-positioning gauge, which makes vertical inclination of the instrument difficult, allowing a reduction of vertical bracket positioning error, and to test its accuracy in bracket positioning by groups of individuals with different clinical experience and in specific groups of teeth. Methods: For the testing of the prototype, four groups of six participants each were used: Group 1 was composed of undergraduate students in the dental school, who had no previous experience in bonding orthodontic attachments; Group 2 was composed of orthodontic graduate students in the dental school; Group 3 consisted of orthodontists with a maximum of 5 years of clinical experience; Group 4 comprised orthodontists with more than 5 years of clinical experience. A typodont was simulated with a Class I crowded malocclusion, which reproduced the same occlusal characteristics for all groups to be bonded. All participants were instructed to bond 0.022×0.028-in Edgewise brackets on the labial surfaces of the upper and lower incisors, canines, and premolars at a height of 4 mm from the incisal edge or the labial cusp tip. Results: Only the mean value of Group 1 showed statistically significant difference in the comparison with the standard measurement. In the groups of teeth, the difference was significant for the premolar and incisor groups. Conclusion: Clinical experience interfered with the accuracy of vertical positioning of orthodontic attachments. As for the groups of teeth, premolars, followed by canines and incisors had the closest mean values to the standard measurement.


RESUMO Objetivos: os objetivos deste estudo foram apresentar um protótipo de posicionador de braquetes ortodônticos que dificulte a inclinação no sentido vertical, possibilitando a redução dos erros de altura no posicionamento desses acessórios; além de testar sua precisão na colagem, realizada por grupos de indivíduos com diferentes tempos de experiência clínica em Ortodontia e em grupos específicos de dentes. Métodos: para os testes do protótipo desenvolvido, quatro grupos de seis participantes foram formados. O Grupo 1 foi composto por alunos do curso de Odontologia sem qualquer prática com colagem em Ortodontia; o Grupo 2, por estudantes em Ortodontia; o Grupo 3, por ortodontistas com menos de cinco anos de experiência clínica; e o Grupo 4, por ortodontistas com mais de cinco anos de experiência clínica em Ortodontia. Em um typodont, foi simulada uma má oclusão Classe I com apinhamento, com as mesmas características para todas as colagens realizadas. Todos os participantes foram instruídos a colar braquetes Edgewise 0,022" x 0,028" na superfície vestibular dos incisivos, caninos e pré-molares superiores e inferiores, na altura de 4mm da borda incisal ou cúspide vestibular. Resultados: somente a média do Grupo 1 apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa na comparação com a medida padrão. Nos grupos de dentes, a diferença foi significativa para o grupo dos pré-molares e incisivos. Conclusão: o tempo de experiência clínica interferiu na precisão do posicionamento vertical do acessório ortodôntico e, quanto aos grupos de dentes, as médias mais próximas à medida padrão foram dos pré-molares, seguidas pelos caninos e incisivos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Orthodontics/instrumentation , Orthodontics, Corrective/instrumentation , Dental Bonding/instrumentation , Orthodontic Brackets , Orthodontics/methods , Orthodontics, Corrective/methods , Students, Dental , Bicuspid , Brazil , Dental Bonding/methods , Clinical Competence , Cuspid , Models, Dental , Education, Dental, Graduate , Equipment Design , Orthodontists , Incisor , Malocclusion/therapy
11.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 16: e17032, jan.-dez. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-884300

ABSTRACT

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate, through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the transverse dimension of the alveolar bone in the posterior region of the maxilla and mandible in subjects with different patterns of mastication, comparing both sides of the arches according to the performance of the masticatory function. Methods: 39 subjects not orthodontically treated, with normal occlusion or symmetrical malocclusion, and normal periodontal condition were selected. Twenty-one subjects (54%) were identified as having preferential unilateral mastication, 11 subjects (28%) had bilateral mastication and 7 (18%) had exclusive unilateral mastication. All participants were submitted to CBCT and the buccolingual dimension of the posterior regions was evaluated at a height of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10mm from the alveolar crest. Results and Conclusion: Subjects with bilateral mastication showed statistically significant difference between the right and left sides at the heights of 6 (p=0.030) and 8mm (p=0.023) between the first and second maxillary premolars. There was no difference in the transverse dimension of the alveolar bone in the posterior regions of maxilla and mandible between preferred and non-preferred sides in subjects with preferred unilateral mastication and between right and left sides in subjects with bilateral mastication (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Alveolar Process , Bone and Bones , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Mastication
12.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 15(1): 263-270, 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-874871

ABSTRACT

Objective:To assess the long-term stability of leveling the curve of Spee after at least 8 years post-treatment in patients with mesocephalic pattern. Material and Methods:Measuring the depth of the curve of Spee in 10 mesocephalic patients at the following times: T0 (before the beginning of orthodontic treatment), T1 (at the end of orthodontic treatment) and T2 (at least 8 years after orthodontic treatment). These measures were compared using paired t-test (significance level of 5%). The curve depths were calculated from the measures of the distances between the lower buccal cusp of the posterior teeth of each side to a reference surface, which was supported by 3 points of the lower cast. Results:The mean curve of Spee depth at T0 was 1.86 mm, 0.50 mm at T1 and 0.53 mm at T2. The mean correction of the curve of Spee depth was 1.36 mm (73.11%) and the average relapse was 0.03 mm (2.2%). No statistically significant differencebetween T1 and T2 values in left or right sides was found. On the other hand, significant differences among T0 and T1 and T0 and T2 values were found. Conclusion:The results suggest that there was no significant depth relapse of the curve of Spee and also that leveling the curve is a stable procedure after 8 years after treatment in mesocephalic patients still using mandibular fixed retainer. The values found when comparing the depth in T0 and T1 showed that the curve of Spee was leveled during orthodontic treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Head/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry , Dental Occlusion , Malocclusion/etiology , Orthodontics, Corrective/methods , Brazil
13.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 19(1): 77-85, Jan-Feb/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709635

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in vitro, the shear bond strength presented by three brands of polycrystalline ceramic brackets and one brand of metallic bracket; verify the adhesive remnant index (ARI) after the tests, and analyze, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the enamel surface topography after debonding, detecting the release of mineral particles. METHODS: Sixty bovine lower incisors were used. Three ceramic brackets (Allure(r), InVu(r), and Clarity(r)) and one metallic bracket (Geneus(r)) were bonded with Transbond XT(r). Kruskal-Wallis's test (significance level set at 5%) was applied to the results of share bond and ARI. Mann Whitney's test was performed to compare the pairs of brackets in relation to their ARI. Brown-Forsythe's test (significance level set at 5%) was applied to the results of enamel chemical composition. Comparisons between groups were made with Games-Howell's and the Post-hoc tests. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed in relation to the shear bond strength loads. Clarity(r) brackets were the most affected in relation to the surface topography and to the release of mineral particles of enamel (calcium ions). CONCLUSION: With regard to the ARI, there was a prevalence of score 4 (40.4%). As for enamel surface topography, the Geneus(r) bracket was the only one which did not show superficial tissue loss. The InVu(r) and Clarity(r) ones showed cohesive fractures in 33.3% and the Allure(r) in 50%, the latter being the one that presented most fractures during removal. .


OBJETIVO: avaliar, in vitro, a resistência ao cisalhamento apresentada por três marcas de braquetes ortodônticos cerâmicos policristalinos e uma marca de braquete metálico, verificando os índices de resina remanescentes (IRA) após os ensaios, e analisar, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, as topografias superficiais do esmalte após a descolagem, detectando o desprendimento de partículas minerais desse. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados 60 incisivos inferiores bovinos. Os braquetes cerâmicos (Allure, InVu e Clarity) e metálico (Geneus) foram colados utilizando-se o adesivo Transbond XT. Para os resultados referentes ao cisalhamento e ao IRA, foi utilizado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%. A prova de Mann-Whtiney foi utilizada para comparar os diferentes tipos de braquetes aos pares, quanto ao IRA. Para a análise dos resultados referentes às composições químicas do esmalte, aplicou-se o teste de Brown-Forsythe, com significância de 5%. As comparações entre os grupos foram realizadas utilizando os testes Post Hoc e de Games-Hoewell. RESULTADOS: não foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto às cargas de cisalhamento. O Clarity foi o mais afetado em relação à topografia e ao desprendimento de partículas minerais do esmalte (íons Ca). CONCLUSÃO: em relação ao IRA, foi confirmada a prevalência do escore 4, com um percentual de 40,4%. Em relação à topografia superficial do esmalte, o Geneus foi o único que não apresentou perda de tecido . O InVu e o Clarity apresentaram fraturas coesivas de 33,3% de suas amostras, e o Allure de 50%, sendo o que mais fraturou durante a remoção. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Ceramics/chemistry , Dental Bonding , Dental Alloys/chemistry , Dental Enamel/ultrastructure , Dental Materials/chemistry , Orthodontic Brackets , Adhesiveness , Calcium/analysis , Dental Enamel/chemistry , Dental Stress Analysis/instrumentation , Electron Probe Microanalysis , Equipment Failure , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Orthodontic Appliance Design , Resin Cements/chemistry , Shear Strength , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission , Stress, Mechanical , Surface Properties
14.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 18(6): 112-116, Nov.-Dec. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697739

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: development of a new device to be coupled to light-curing units for bonding orthodontic brackets and accessories, and test its efficacy in an in vitro mechanical trial. The inner surface of the device is mirrored and is based on physical concepts of light refraction and reflection. The main advantage of such device is the reduced clinical time needed for bonding and the low possibility of contamination during the process. METHODS: One hundred and twenty specimens were used for testing the shear bond strength of brackets bonded with the device. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was also determined. The sample was divided into 2 groups. In group 1 a halogen light-curing unit was used while in group 2 a led light-curing unit was used. Each group was then subdivided. In subgroups H1 and L1, a conventional light guide rod was used while in subgroups H2 and L2 bonding was performed with the mirrored device coupled to the tip of the guide light rod. RESULTS: The values obtained for the shear bond strength and the ARI in the subgroups were compared. Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference for the shear strength (p > 0.05) and the ARI (p > 0.05) between the subgroups. CONCLUSION: The tests of mechanical trials and the ARI analysis showed that the new device fulfilled the requirements for bonding orthodontic accessories, and that the time for bonding was reduced to half, being necessary only one light exposure.


OBJETIVO: desenvolver uma nova ponteira para ser acoplada aos aparelhos fotopolimerizadores utilizados para colagem de braquetes e acessórios ortodônticos, e testar sua da efetividade em ensaio mecânico in vitro. A ponteira é espelhada na superfície interna e baseia-se em conceitos físicos de refração e reflexão de luz. Apresenta como principal vantagem o menor tempo clínico durante o procedimento de colagem, reduzindo a possibilidade de contaminação durante o processo. MÉTODOS: por meio de ensaio de resistência ao cisalhamento e determinação do índice remanescente de adesivo (IRA), testou-se a ponteira desenvolvida em 120 corpos de prova. A amostra foi dividia em dois grupos. No grupo 1, foi utilizado aparelho fotopolimerizador de fonte de luz halógena e, no grupo 2, fonte de LED. Cada grupo foi subdividido. Nos subgrupos H1 e L1, utilizou-se a ponteira convencional. Nos subgrupos H2 e L2 a colagem foi feita utilizando a ponteira desenvolvida para a polimerização do material de colagem. RESULTADOS: os valores dos testes de cisalhamento e IRA para os subgrupos foram comparados entre si. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para o ensaio de resistência ao cisalhamento (p > 0,05) nem para o IRA (p > 0,05) entre os subgrupos. CONCLUSÃO: os testes de ensaio mecânico, assim como a análise do IRA, mostraram que a nova ponteira desenvolvida cumpriu os requisitos necessários à colagem dos acessórios ortodônticos, e que o tempo de colagem foi reduzido pela metade, sendo necessária uma só incidência.


Subject(s)
Humans , Curing Lights, Dental , Dental Bonding/instrumentation , Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives/instrumentation , Orthodontic Brackets , Adhesiveness , Curing Lights, Dental/classification , Dental Stress Analysis/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Materials Testing , Optical Fibers , Resin Cements/chemistry , Resin Cements/radiation effects , Shear Strength , Stress, Mechanical , Surface Properties , Time Factors
15.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 18(6): 31-37, Nov.-Dec. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697728

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: A wide variety of orthodontic wires made of different alloys is available to be used in orthodontic practice and may produce different clinical responses during tooth movement. OBJECTIVE: This research evaluated the alignment and leveling of lower dental arches after the use of three types of orthodontic wires. METHODS: A sample of 36 patients was randomly divided into 3 groups: stainless steel, multistranded steel and superelastic nickel-titanium, according to the first leveling arches used. In order to observe differences in tooth position and axial inclination of the lower incisors, all patients had lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before the insertion of the first arches and 2 months later. The irregularity index and the curve of Spee were measured, compared between groups and considered influential on the proclination of incisors during the initial phase of alignment and leveling. The Reflex microscope was used to measure the irregularity index, whereas the ANOVA analysis of variance was used to verify differences between groups with regard to the degree of dental alignment and leveling. RESULTS: There were significant differences between groups only at T2 for the irregularity index. CONCLUSION: The NiTi and multistranded steel wires showed greater aligning capacity when compared with stainless steel wires.


INTRODUÇÃO: uma grande variedade de fios ortodônticos, compostos por diferentes ligas, está disponível para utilização ortodôntica, podendo gerar respostas clínicas diversas, durante a movimentação dentária. OBJETIVO: este trabalho visa a avaliar o alinhamento e nivelamento das arcadas dentárias inferiores, após a utilização de três tipos de fios ortodônticos. MÉTODOS: uma amostra de 36 pacientes foi aleatoriamente dividida em três grupos, de acordo com os primeiros arcos utilizados para o alinhamento e nivelamento: aço inoxidável convencional, aço multifilamentado e de níquel-titânio superelástico. Para se avaliar as diferenças relacionadas ao posicionamento dentário e inclinação axial dos incisivos inferiores, foram obtidas radiografias cefalométricas de perfil, de todos os pacientes, em duas fases do tratamento: antes da inserção dos primeiros arcos e dois meses após a inserção dos mesmos. O índice de irregularidade dentária (IID) e a profundidade inicial de curva de Spee, fatores influentes sobre a projeção de incisivos durante a fase inicial de alinhamento e nivelamento, foram avaliados e comparados intra- e intergrupos. Para a medição do IID, foi utilizado o Reflex Microscope, possibilitando a mensuração do grau de alinhamento e nivelamento dentário em terceira dimensão. A análise de variância (ANOVA) foi utilizada para se avaliar as diferenças intergrupos em relação ao grau de alinhamento e nivelamento dentário. RESULTADOS: diferenças estatisticamente significativas intergrupos somente foram encontradas em T2, em relação ao índice de irregularidade dentária, já que os fios de NiTi e aço multifilamentado apresentaram maior capacidade de alinhamento do que os fios de aço inoxidável convencionais.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Dental Alloys/chemistry , Orthodontic Appliance Design , Orthodontic Wires , Tooth Movement Techniques/instrumentation , Cephalometry/methods , Dental Arch/pathology , Elasticity , Follow-Up Studies , Incisor/pathology , Malocclusion/pathology , Malocclusion/therapy , Mandible/pathology , Nickel/chemistry , Patient Care Planning , Surface Properties , Stainless Steel/chemistry , Treatment Outcome , Titanium/chemistry
16.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 18(5): 32-37, Sept.-Oct. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697042

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Ninety five percent of orthodontic patients routinely report pain, due to alterations in the periodontal ligament and surrounding soft tissues, with intensity and prevalence varying according to age. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess toothache and buccal mucosal pain in adults and children during two initial phases of the orthodontic treatment. METHODS: The intensity of toothache and buccal mucosal pain reported by 20 patients, 10 children (11-13 years) and 10 adults (18-37 years) was recorded with the aid of a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), during 14 days - 7 days with bonded brackets only and 7 days with the initial archwire inserted. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in pain intensity among adults and children. After bracket bonding, 50% of the children and 70% of the adults reported pain. 70% of both groups reported pain after initial archwire insertion. While adults reported constant, low intensity, buccal mucosal pain, the children showed great variation of pain intensity, but with a trend towards decreasing pain during the assessment period. After initial archwire insertion the peaks of toothache intensity and prevalence occurred 24 hours in children and 48 hours in adults. CONCLUSIONS: In general, children reported pain less frequently than adults did, though with greater intensity.


INTRODUÇÃO: durante o tratamento ortodôntico, os pacientes rotineiramente relatam situações de dor, que ocorrem em até 95% dos casos. Essa dor é proveniente de alterações no ligamento periodontal e nos tecidos moles circundantes, e a sua intensidade e prevalência variam de acordo com a faixa etária dos pacientes. OBJETIVO: o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a experiência de dor nos dentes e na mucosa bucal em pacientes adultos e crianças durante duas fases iniciais do tratamento ortodôntico. MÉTODOS: a intensidade de dor nos dentes e na mucosa bucal relatada por 20 pacientes, 10 crianças (11-13 anos) e 10 adultos (18-37 anos), foi registrada com uma Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) durante 14 dias, sendo 7 dias apenas com os braquetes colados e 7 dias com o arco inicial inserido. RESULTADOS: não houve diferença significativa na intensidade de dor entre adultos e crianças. Após a colagem dos braquetes, 50% das crianças e 70% dos adultos relataram dor; e, após a inserção do arco inicial, a prevalência de relatos foi de 70% para ambos os grupos. Os adultos relataram dores constantes e de baixa intensidade na mucosa bucal, enquanto as crianças mostraram grande variação na intensidade, porém com tendência de diminuição durante o período de avaliação. Os picos de intensidade e prevalência de dor nos dentes ocorreram, respectivamente para crianças e adultos, 24h e 48h após a inserção do arco inicial. CONCLUSÃO: de modo geral, as crianças exibiram menor prevalência de relatos de dor, porém com maior intensidade do que os adultos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Facial Pain/etiology , Orthodontic Appliances/adverse effects , Orthodontics, Corrective/adverse effects , Pain Measurement , Statistics, Nonparametric , Visual Analog Scale
17.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 18(3): 80-85, May-June 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-690001

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Patients usually experience pain during orthodontic treatment. This fact can affect cooperation and the development of treatment. Reporting pain during treatment seems to be influenced by emotional aspects such as the patient's motivation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between patient's motivation and the intensity of reported pain during two stages of treatment. METHODS: Twenty males (11-37 years old) answered a questionnaire divided into five categories regarding their motivation towards treatment. The subjects were studied for 14 days (7 days with bonded brackets and 7 days with the initial arch inserted) and the intensity of pain was evaluated on a daily basis. All the issues, including the intensity of pain, were measured through the visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: The VAS-associated questionnaire proved to have good temporal reliability and reasonable internal consistency, being that the "perceived severity" domain had the greatest, although not significant (p = 0.196) correlation with pain intensity. Only the question asking the patients if they thought that their teeth were too uneven showed a positive correlation with pain intensity (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: The results seem to indicate that the five categories related to treatment motivation cannot be used to predict discomfort during treatment. In addition, patients who think their teeth are too uneven may experience more severe pain due to greater force application after insertion of the initial arch.


INTRODUÇÃO: experiências de dor são relatadas rotineiramente pelos pacientes durante o tratamento ortodôntico, o que pode prejudicar a cooperação e o desenvolvimento do tratamento. Os relatos de dor parecem ser influenciados por fatores emocionais, como a motivação para o tratamento. OBJETIVO: avaliar a correlação existente entre a motivação para o tratamento ortodôntico e a intensidade de dor relatada pelos pacientes durante duas fases iniciais do tratamento. MÉTODOS: vinte indivíduos homens, com 11 a 37 anos de idade, foram avaliados por meio de um questionário dividido em cinco domínios relacionados à motivação para tratamento ortodôntico. Os indivíduos foram acompanhados durante 14 dias, sendo 7 dias apenas com os braquetes colados e 7 dias com o arco inicial inserido, sendo a intensidade de dor avaliada diariamente. Todas as questões, assim como intensidade da dor, foram mensuradas por meio da Escala Visual Análoga (EVA). RESULTADOS: o questionário associado à EVA apresentou boa confiabilidade temporal e consistência interna razoável, sendo que o domínio "Severidade percebida" apresentou a maior correlação com a intensidade de dor, apesar de não significativa (p = 0,196). Na análise das questões, apenas a que avaliou se os pacientes julgavam seus dentes muito tortos apresentou correlação positiva com a intensidade de dor (p = 0,048). CONCLUSÃO: os resultados indicam que os cinco domínios relacionados à motivação para o tratamento ortodôntico não podem ser utilizados para predizer o desconforto durante o tratamento, porém o fato de o indivíduo julgar seus dentes tortos pode indicar experiências de dor mais intensas devido à maior aplicação de força após a inserção do arco inicial.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Facial Pain/etiology , Facial Pain/psychology , Motivation , Orthodontic Appliances/adverse effects , Orthodontics, Corrective/psychology , Pain Perception , Analysis of Variance , Dental Stress Analysis , Orthodontics, Corrective/adverse effects , Orthodontics, Corrective/instrumentation , Pain Measurement , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surveys and Questionnaires , Visual Analog Scale
18.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 12(1): 71-75, maio 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-663218

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da retração dos incisivos superiores sobre o posicionamento vertical e horizontal do lábio superior e sua relação com o nariz em pacientes adultos. Método: foram avaliadas as alterações verticais e horizontais do lábio superior e do ângulo nasolabial, por meio de traçados cefalométricos pré e pós-tratamento, de 28 adultos brasileiros leucodermas tratados ortodonticamente com extração de dois pré-molares superiores ou dos quatro primeiros pré-molares e retração dos incisivos superiores. Foi utilizado o teste t-Student para avaliar a alteração entre as fases pré e pós-tratamento. As correlações entre as alterações do incisivo superior e do lábio superior foram determinadas pelo teste de correlação de Pearson, sendo feitas, ainda, as análises de regressão. O nível de significância utilizado foi de 0,05. Resultados: ao final do tratamento, as alterações significantes foram: o aumento da espessura do lábio superior e da altura de sua borda anterior, posicionamento mais posterior do lábio superior e aumento do ângulo nasolabial. A retração dos incisivos superiores apresentou correlação significante com a retração do lábio superior (r=0,678) e com o deslocamento inferior da borda anterior do lábio superior (r=0,420). Conclusão: a retração dos incisivos superiores em adultos foi associada à retração do lábio superior com tendência ao aumento do ângulo nasolabial. Ocorreu, ainda, reposicionamento inferior da borda anterior do lábio superior, sem ter alterado de maneira significante a altura de sua borda inferior. A previsibilidade do comportamento do lábio superior encontrada pode auxiliar na elaboração do plano de tratamento ortodôntico, porém deve ser limitada a pacientes brasileiros leucodermas.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of maxillary incisor retraction on the vertical and horizontal location of the upper lip and its relation with the nose in adults. Methods: Vertical and horizontal alterations in the upper lip and nasolabial angle were evaluated by cephalometric analysis of preoperative and postoperative tracings in 28 Caucasian adults treated with extraction of at least two maxillary premolars and retraction of maxillary incisors. It was used Student's t test to evaluate the change between the pre- and post-treatment. The correlations between changes in upper incisor and upper lip were determined by Pearson's correlation test, being made, yet, the regression analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: at the end of treatment, significant changes were: increased thickness of the upper lip and the height of its front edge, the most posterior position of the upper lip and increase the nasolabial angle. There was a significant relationship between maxillary incisor retraction and upper lip retraction (r = 0.678) as well as with inferior relocation of the anterior border of the upper lip (r = 0.420). Conclusion: maxillary incisor retraction in adults was associated with upper lip retraction. There was a tendency to increase the nasolabial angle. There were no significant vertical changes in the upper lip. There was only an inferior relocation of the anterior border. The predictability of the behavior of the upper lip can find help in the elaboration of the orthodontic treatment plan, but should be limited to Brazilian Caucasian patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Cephalometry , Tooth Extraction/methods , Lip/anatomy & histology , Tooth Movement Techniques/methods , Orthodontics, Corrective , Data Interpretation, Statistical
20.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-614386

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As superficies mucosas mantem contato direto com o meio externo, sendo expostas a uma grande variedade de antigenos. Essas superficies possuem relativa vulnerabilidade e a secreção de anticorpos pelo sistema imune de mucosa constitui sua principal defesa, mantendo os antigenos desconhecidos e/ou potencialmente patogenicos fora do organismo. Entre esses anticorpos, o mais abundante ‚ uma IgA polimerica, denominada IgA secretora, que ‚ produzida por plasmócitos associados as mucosas e glandulas exocrinas. A sIgA possui uma estrutura capaz de resistir adegradação proteolitica de enzimas bacterianas e digestivas, o que a torna ideal para proteção do trato gastrointestinal. Na mucosa bucal a sIgA representa a mais importante barreira imunol¢gica, impedindo a aderencia e a penetração de microorganismos, sendo utilizada como parametro do status imunologico dessa mucosa. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura a respeito da imunoglobulina A secretora liberada na saliva, enfocando sua formação, secreção e as principais funções imunológicas na proteção da mucosa bucal. Conclusão: A imunoglobulina A secretora possui ótimas caracteristicas para a proteção da mucosa bucal, atribuidas a sua estrutura e ação especifica e inespecifica. Os resultados de estudos clinico/laboratoriais associados a sua grande quantidade salivar, sugerem uma participação relevante da sIgA nos processos etiológicos e fisiopatológicos de lesões na mucosa bucal, evidenciando a necessidade de uma maior atenção as funções dessa imunoglobulina em estudos posteriores.


Introduction: Mucosa surfaces are in direct contact with the external environment, being exposed to a great variety of antigens. These surfaces have relative vulnerability and the secretion of antibodies by the mucosal immune system is the main defense mechanism, maintaining unknown and/or potentially pathogenic antigens out of the organism. Among these antibodies, the most abundant is a polymeric IgA, denominated secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which is produced by plasmocytes associated with mucosas and exocrine glandules. A sIgA has a structure capable of resisting to the proteolytic degradation of bacterial and digestive enzymes, which makes it ideal for protecting the gastrointestinal tract. In the oral mucosa, sIgA represents the most important immunological barrier, impeding the adherence and penetration of microorganisms and being used as a parameter of immunological status of the mucosa. Objective: This paper presents a literature review on the sIgA released in the saliva, focusing on its formation, secretion and the main immunological functions on the protection of the oral mucosa. Conclusion: sIgA has excellent characteristics for protecting the oral mucosa, which are attributed to its structure and specific and unspecific actions. The results of clinical/laboratorial studies associated with its great amount in the saliva suggest a relevant participation of sIgA in the etiologic and physiopathological processes of oral mucosa injuries, demonstrating the necessity of a greater attention to the functions of this immunoglobulin in further studies.


Subject(s)
Immunoglobulin A, Secretory , Immunoglobulin A/immunology , Bacterial Secretion Systems/immunology
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